Toenail fungus is a common infection caused by fungal organisms that thrive in warm, moist environments. It often appears as thickened, discoloured, brittle, or crumbly nails and may affect one or multiple toes. Factors such as nail trauma, tight footwear, excessive moisture, or underlying health conditions can increase the risk. At The Foot Health Centre, we offer professional assessment and tailored treatment options to reduce infection, improve nail health, and help prevent recurrence—so you can feel confident and comfortable on your feet again.

Toenail fungus occurs when fungal organisms infect the nail or the skin beneath it, leading to changes in the nail’s appearance and texture. Common signs include thickening, discoloration, brittleness, crumbling, or lifting of the nail from the nail bed. While toenail fungus most often affects the big toe, it can develop in any toenail and may spread to other nails if left untreated.

Toenail fungus develops when fungal organisms enter the nail or the skin beneath it and begin to grow. These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, making feet particularly vulnerable—especially when they are frequently enclosed in shoes or exposed to shared surfaces.  Several factors can contribute to the development of toenail fungus, including:

Feet that sweat heavily or remain damp for long periods create an ideal environment for fungal growth. Wearing the same shoes daily, shoes that do not allow proper airflow, or socks that trap moisture can significantly increase the risk.

Communal areas such as pools, locker rooms, gym showers, and spa change rooms are common sources of fungal exposure. Walking barefoot in these spaces increases the chance of fungi coming into contact with the skin and nails.

Even minor injuries—such as stubbing a toe, pressure from tight footwear, or repeated micro-trauma from activity—can create tiny openings in the nail or nail bed. These openings allow fungi to penetrate and establish infection.

Athlete’s foot is one of the most common ways toenail fungus develops. If fungal infection is present on the skin, it can easily spread to the toenails if not treated promptly.

Conditions that affect blood flow to the feet or weaken the immune system can make it harder for the body to fight infection. As a result, toenail fungus may develop more easily and be more difficult to clear without professional care.

As we age, nails tend to grow more slowly, become thicker, and are more prone to damage. These changes make it easier for fungal organisms to take hold and harder for the body to naturally clear the infection.

Using shared nail clippers, files, or footwear can transfer fungal organisms from one person to another. Proper hygiene and sterilization are essential to prevent spread.

Pedicures performed in environments where tools, foot baths, or surfaces are not properly cleaned and disinfected can increase the risk of fungal infection. Micro-cuts from cuticle trimming, callus reduction, or filing can create entry points for fungi. While many salons follow good hygiene practices, improper sterilization or shared equipment may allow fungal organisms to spread from one client to another.

Treatment for toenail fungus depends on the severity of the infection, how many nails are affected, and your overall foot health. At The Foot Health Centre, treatment plans are tailored to each individual and may include one or a combination of the following: